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The Chronicon (Chronicle) or Temporum liber (Book of Times) was a universal chronicle written by Jerome. It was one of his earliest attempts at history. It was composed c. 380 in Constantinople; this is a translation into Latin of the chronological tables which compose the second part of the Chronicon of Eusebius, with a supplement covering the period from 325 to 379. Despite numerous errors taken from Eusebius, and some of his own, Jerome produced a valuable work of universal history, if only for the example which it gave to such later chroniclers as Prosper of Aquitaine, Cassiodorus, and Victor of Tunnuna to continue his annals. In conformity with the Chronicon of Eusebius (early 4th century), Jerome dated Creation to 5201 BC.^[1][2]

The Chronicle includes a chronology of the events of Greek mythology, based on the work of Hellenistic scholars such as Apollodorus, Diodorus Siculus, and Eusebius.^[3] While the earlier parts are obviously unhistorical, there may be scattered remnants of historical events of late Mycenean Greece from entries of the 12th century BC. (See the historicity of the Iliad. Notably, Jerome's date for the capture of Troy of 1183 BC corresponds remarkably well with the destruction layer of Troy VIIa, the main candidate for the historical inspiration of legendary Troy, dated to c. 1190 BC.) Homer himself is dated to 940 BC, while modern scholarship usually dates him after 800 BC.

Timeline[edit]

From Adam until the 14th year of Valens, 5,579 years

From Abraham to the capture of Troy (26 kings of the Assyrians), 835 years

• Ninus, son of Belus reigned 52 years, Abraham, Zoroaster
• Semiramis, 42 years
• Zameis, 38 years; covenant of Abraham with God (1942 BC)
• Arius reigned for 30 years; birth of Isaac (1912 BC)
• Aralius, 40 years
• Xerxes Balaneus , 30 years; Inachus reigned for 50 years (1856 BC)
• Armamitres, 38 years
• Belocus, 35 years; birth of Joseph (1765 BC); Ogygian Flood (1757 BC)
• Balaeus, 52 years; famine in Egypt (1727 BC)
• Altadas, 32 years; Prometheus
• Mamynthus, 30 years
• Magchaleus, 30 years
• Sphaerus, 20 years; birth of Moses (1592 BC)
• Mamylus, 30 years
• Sparetus, 40 years; Deucalian flood (1526 BC)
• Ascatades, 40 years; Moses on Mount Sinai (1515 BC)
• Amynthes, 45 years; birth of Minos, Rhadamanthus, and Sarpedon (1445 BC)
• Belochus, 25 years
• Bellepares, 30 years; Perseus
• Lamprides, 32 years; Tros (1365 BC)
• Sosares, 20 years; Pegasus
• Lampares, 30 years; Europa, temple at Eleusis
• Pannias, 45 years; Miletus; Argonauts; Oedipus; Gideon
• Sosarmus, 19 years; Hercules, Priam, Theseus, Seven against Thebes (1234 BC)
• Mithraeus, 27 years; Olympic games (1212 BC)
• Tautanes, 32 years; Trojan War (1191-1182 BC)

From the capture of Troy until the first Olympiad, 406 years.

• from Ninus to Sardanapalus: 36 Assyrian kings (1240 years)

from the first Olympiad, to the 14th year of Valens, 1,155 years

• 1st Olympiad (776 BC)
• 65th Olympiad; Darius the Great (520 BC)
• 181st Olympiad; Julius Caesar (44 BC)
• 202nd Olympiad; preaching of Jesus Christ
• 289th Olympiad; Goths defeated by Huns (AD 377)

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^Galloway, Andrew. The Penn Commentary on Piers Plowman, p. 69. Vide Piers Plowman.
2. ^Fourth Century(see 327 Eusebius of Caesarea). 2009-10-25.
3. ^Pearse, Roger et al. (2005) The Chronicle of St. Jerome. http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/jerome_chronicle_00_eintro.htm

References[edit]

• Richard W. Burgess, Studies in Eusebian and post-Eusebian Chronography, Stuttgart (1999).
• Malcolm Drew Donalson, A Translation of Jerome's Chronicon With Historical Commentary, Mellen University Press (1996). ISBN0-7734-2258-7.
• J. K. Fotheringham, The Bodleian Manuscript of Jerome's Version of the Chronicle of Eusebius Reproduced in Collotype. Oxford: Clarendon (1905)
• J. K. Fotheringham, Eusebii Pamphili Chronici canones. London: Humphrey Milford (1923).
• R. Helm, Eusebius Werke 7: Die Chronik des Hieronymus, Die Griechischen Christlichen Schriftsteller der Ersten Jahrhunderte 47 (1956).
• Benoît Jean-Jean & Bertrand Lançon, Saint-Jérôme, Chronique : Continuation de la Chronique d'Eusèbe, années 326-378, Brest, (2004), ISBN2-7535-0018-5.
• Josef KARST, Eusebius Werke, 5. Band : Die Chronik aus dem Armenischen übersetzt. Die Griechischen Christlichen Schriftsteller der Ersten Jahrhunderte 20 (1911).
• Alden A. Mosshammer, The Chronicle of Eusebius and the Greek Chronographic Tradition, Lewisburg/London (1979), ISBN0-8387-1939-2.
• Alfred Schoene, Eusebi Chronicorum Libri. 2 vols. Berlin: Weidmann (1875).
• Robert Graves; The Greek Myths (1955), ISBN0-14-017199-1
• Alden A. Mosshammer; The Chronicle of Eusebius and Greek Chronographic Tradition, Bucknell University Press (1979), ISBN0-8387-1939-2
• J. C. Stobart; The Glory that was Greece (1911), ISBN0-283-48455-1
• Michael Wood (1998), In Search of the Trojan War, ISBN0-520-21599-0
• Michael Wood (2005), In Search of Myths and Heroeshttp://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/greeks/jason_01.shtml

External links[edit]

• 2005 online edition (tertullian.org)
  • part 1Abraham to Babylonian captivity
  • part 2Xerxes to AD 379
  • Merton manuscript facsimile of Merton College ms.

Chronicon Paschale (the Paschal or Easter Chronicle),^[1] also called Chronicum Alexandrinum, Constantinopolitanum or Fasti Siculi, is the conventional name of a 7th-century Greek Christian chronicle of the world. Its name comes from its system of chronology based on the Christianpaschal cycle; its Greek author named it Epitome of the ages from Adam the first man to the 20th year of the reign of the most August Heraclius.

Structure[edit]

The Chronicon Paschale follows earlier chronicles. For the years 600 to 627 the author writes as a contemporary historian—that is, through the last years of emperor Maurice, the reign of Phocas, and the first seventeen years of the reign of Heraclius.

Like many chroniclers, the author of this popular account relates anecdotes, physical descriptions of the chief personages (which at times are careful portraits), extraordinary events such as earthquakes and the appearance of comets, and links Church history with a supposed Biblical chronology. Sempronius Asellio points out the difference in the public appeal and style of composition which distinguished the chroniclers (Annales) from the historians (Historia) of the Eastern Roman Empire.

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The 'Chronicon Paschale' is a huge compilation, attempting a chronological list of events from the creation of Adam. The principal manuscript, the 10th-century Codex Vaticanus græcus 1941, is damaged at the beginning and end and stops short at 627. The Chronicle proper is preceded by an introduction containing reflections on Christian chronology and on the calculation of the Paschal (Easter) cycle. The so-called 'Byzantine' or 'Roman' era (which continued in use in Greek Orthodox Christianity until the end of Turkish rule as the 'Julian calendar') was adopted in the Chronicum as the foundation of chronology; in accordance with which the date of the creation is given as 21 March 5507bc.^[2]

Authorship[edit]

The author identifies himself as a contemporary of the Emperor Heraclius (610–641), and was possibly a cleric attached to the suite of the œcumenical Patriarch Sergius. The work was probably written during the last ten years of the reign of Heraclius.

The chief authorities used were: Sextus Julius Africanus; the Fasti consulares; the Chronicle and Church History of Eusebius; John Malalas; the Acta Martyrum; the treatise of Epiphanius, bishop of Constantia (the old Salamis) in Cyprus (fl. 4th century), on Weights and Measures.^[2]

Editions[edit]

• Matthaeus Raderus (Munich, 1615): Chronicon Alexandrinum idemque astronomicum et ecclesiasticum (editio princeps, Greek text with Latin translation)
• L. Dindorf (1832) in Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae, with du Cange's preface and commentary
• J. P. Migne, Patrologia graeca, vol. 92.
• See also C. Wachsmuth, Einleitung in das Studien der alten Geschichte (1895)
• H. Gelzer, Sextus Julius Africanus und die byzantinische Chronographie, ii. I (1885)
• J. van der Hagen, Observationes in Heraclii imperatoris methodum paschalem (1736, but still considered indispensable)
• E. Schwarz in Pauly–Wissowa, Realencyclopädie, iii., Pt. 2 (1899)
• C. Krumbacher, Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur (1897).^[2]

Partial English translation[edit]

• Chronicon Paschale 284–628 AD, translated by Michael Whitby and Mary Whitby (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1989) ISBN0-85323-096-X

References[edit]

1. ^Whitby, Mary (2012-10-26), 'Chronicon paschale', The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., doi:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah03045, ISBN9781444338386
2. ^ ^abcChisholm 1911.

Sources[edit]

• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). 'Paschal Chronicle'. Encyclopædia Britannica. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 882.
• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 'Chronicon Paschale'. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

External links[edit]

• 1832 Dindorf edition at Google Books: Vol.1; Vol. 2.