Latter phases of the partial taken from,A lunar eclipse occurs when the passes directly behind and into. This can occur only when the, Earth, and Moon are exactly or very closely aligned (in ), with Earth between the other two. A lunar eclipse can occur only on the night of a. The type and length of a lunar eclipse depend on the Moon's proximity to of.During a total lunar eclipse, Earth completely blocks direct from reaching the Moon. The only light from the lunar surface has been. This light appears reddish for the same reason that a or does: the of bluer light. Due to this reddish color, a totally eclipsed Moon is sometimes called a blood moon.Unlike a, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the side of Earth.

A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly 2 hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only up to a few minutes at any given place, due to the smaller size of the Moon's. Also unlike solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are safe to view without any or special precautions, as they are dimmer than the full Moon.For the date of the next eclipse, see the section. A dims the Moon in direct proportion to the area of the Sun's disk covered by Earth. This comparison of the Moon (within the southern part of ) during the penumbral lunar eclipse of (left) and the Moon outside the shadow (right) shows this slight darkening.can be divided into two distinctive parts: the. Earth totally occludes direct within the umbra, the central region of the shadow.

However, since the Sun's about one-quarter of Earth's in the, the planet only partially blocks direct within the penumbra, the outer portion of the shadow.A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through Earth's penumbra. The penumbra causes a subtle dimming of the lunar surface, which is only visible to the naked eye when about 70% of the Moon's diameter has immersed into Earth's penumbra. A special type of penumbral eclipse is a, during which the Moon lies exclusively within Earth's penumbra. Total penumbral eclipses are rare, and when these occur, the portion of the Moon closest to the umbra may appear slightly darker than the rest of the lunar disk.A partial lunar eclipse occurs when only a portion of the Moon enters Earth's umbra, while a total lunar eclipse occurs when the entire Moon enters the planet's umbra. The Moon's average is about 1.03 km/s (2,300 mph), or a little more than its diameter per hour, so totality may last up to nearly 107 minutes.

Nevertheless, the total time between the first and the last contacts of the Moon's limb with Earth's shadow is much longer and could last up to four hours.The of the Moon from Earth at the time of an eclipse can affect the eclipse's duration. In particular, when the Moon is near, the farthest point from Earth in, its is the slowest. The diameter of Earth's umbra does not decrease appreciably within the changes in the Moon's orbital distance. Thus, the concurrence of a totally eclipsed Moon near apogee will lengthen the duration of totality.A central lunar eclipse is a total lunar eclipse during which the Moon passes through the centre of Earth's shadow, contacting the. This type of lunar eclipse is.

The penumbra (from the Latin paene 'almost, nearly') is the region in which only a portion of the light source is obscured by the occluding body. An observer in the penumbra experiences a partial eclipse.

A view of the from, with the setting and partially eclipsed Moon just above the horizon just after (seen as shining on the tree in the right image)A selenelion or selenehelion occurs when both the Sun and an eclipsed Moon can be observed at the same time. This can occur only just before or just after, when both bodies will appear just above the at nearly in the sky. This arrangement has led to the phenomenon being also called a horizontal eclipse.Typically, a number of high ridges undergoing or can view it. Although the Moon is in Earth's umbra, both the Sun and an eclipsed Moon can be simultaneously seen because causes each body to in the sky than their true geometric positions.

Contact points relative to the Earth's umbral and penumbral shadows, here with the Moon near is descending nodeThe timing of total lunar eclipses are determined by its contacts: P1 (First contact): Beginning of the penumbral eclipse. Earth's penumbra touches the Moon's outer limb. U1 (Second contact): Beginning of the partial eclipse. Earth's umbra touches the Moon's outer limb. U2 (Third contact): Beginning of the total eclipse.

The Moon's surface is entirely within Earth's umbra. Greatest eclipse: The peak stage of the total eclipse. The Moon is at its closest to the center of Earth's umbra. U3 (Fourth contact): End of the total eclipse.

The Moon's outer limb exits Earth's umbra. U4 (Fifth contact): End of the partial eclipse. Earth's umbra leaves the Moon's surface. P4 (Sixth contact): End of the penumbral eclipse. Earth's penumbra no longer makes contact with the Moon. Danjon scaleThe following scale (the ) was devised by for rating the overall darkness of lunar eclipses: L=0: Very dark eclipse.

Moon almost invisible, especially at mid-totality. L=1: Dark eclipse, gray or brownish in coloration. Details distinguishable only with difficulty. L=2: Deep red or rust-colored eclipse. Very dark central shadow, while outer edge of umbra is relatively bright. L=3: Brick-red eclipse. Umbral shadow usually has a bright or yellow rim.

L=4: Very bright copper-red or orange eclipse. Umbral shadow is bluish and has a very bright rim. Lunar versus solar eclipse.

In a lunar eclipse, the Moon often passes through two regions of: an outer penumbra, where direct sunlight is dimmed, and an inner umbra, where indirect and much dimmer sunlight by Earth's atmosphere shines on the Moon, leaving a reddish color. This can be seen in different exposures of a partial lunar eclipse, for example here with exposures of 1/80, 2/5, and 2 seconds.The Moon does not completely darken as it passes through the umbra because of the of by into the shadow cone; if Earth had no atmosphere, the Moon would be completely dark during the eclipse.

The reddish coloration arises because sunlight reaching the Moon must pass through a long and dense layer of Earth's atmosphere, where it is. Shorter are more likely to be scattered by the air molecules and; thus, the longer wavelengths predominate by the time the light rays have penetrated the atmosphere.

Human vision perceives this resulting light as. This is the same effect that causes and to turn the sky a reddish color. An alternative way of conceiving this scenario is to realize that, as viewed from the Moon, the Sun would appear to be setting (or rising) behind Earth. From the Moon, a lunar eclipse would show a ring of reddish-orange light surrounding a silhouetted Earth in the lunar sky.The amount of refracted light depends on the amount of or in the atmosphere; this also controls how much light is scattered. In general, the dustier the atmosphere, the more that other wavelengths of light will be removed (compared to red light), leaving the resulting light a deeper red color. This causes the resulting coppery-red hue of the Moon to vary from one eclipse to the next. Volcanoes are notable for expelling large quantities of dust into the atmosphere, and a large eruption shortly before an eclipse can have a large effect on the resulting color.

Lunar eclipse in cultureSeveral cultures have related to lunar eclipses or allude to the lunar eclipse as being a good or bad omen. The saw the eclipse as a sow swallowing the Moon for a short time; other cultures view the eclipse as the Moon being swallowed by other animals, such as a in tradition, or a in.

Some societies thought it was a demon swallowing the Moon, and that they could chase it away by throwing stones and curses at it. The Greeks were ahead of their time when they said the Earth was round and used the shadow from the lunar eclipse as evidence. Some Hindus believe in the importance of bathing in the Ganges River following an eclipse because it will help to achieve. IncansSimilarly to the Mayans, the Incans believed that lunar eclipses occurred when a jaguar would eat the Moon, which is why a blood moon looks red.

The Incans also believed that once the jaguar finished eating the Moon, it could come down and devour all the animals on Earth, so they would take spears and shout at the Moon to keep it away. MesopotamiansThe ancient Mesopotamians believed that a lunar eclipse was when the Moon was being attacked by seven demons. This attack was more than just one on the Moon, however, for the Mesopotamians linked what happened in the sky with what happened on the land, and because the king of Mesopotamia represented the land, the seven demons were thought to be also attacking the king. In order to prevent this attack on the king, the Mesopotamians made someone pretend to be the king so they would be attacked instead of the true king. After the lunar eclipse was over, the substitute king was made to disappear (possibly by poisoning). Starship theory beginners guide. ChineseIn some Chinese cultures, people would ring bells to prevent a dragon or other wild animals from biting the Moon.

In the nineteenth century, during a lunar eclipse, the Chinese navy fired its artillery because of this belief. During the Zhou Dynasty in the Book of Songs, the sight of a red Moon engulfed in darkness was believed to foreshadow famine or disease. Change to reddish castCertain lunar eclipses have been referred to as 'blood moons' in popular articles but this is not a scientifically-recognized term. This term has been given two separate, but overlapping, meanings.The first, and simpler, meaning relates to the reddish color a totally eclipsed Moon takes on to observers on Earth. As penetrates the, the gaseous layer and the rays in such a way that the green to violet wavelengths on the more strongly than the red, thus giving the Moon a reddish cast.The second meaning of 'blood moon' has been derived from this apparent coloration by two pastors, Mark Blitz. They claimed that the 2014–15 ' of four lunar eclipses coinciding with the feasts of and matched the 'moon turning to blood' described in the of the. This tetrad was claimed to herald the and the as described in the on the date of the first of the eclipses in this sequence.

Umbra, penumbra, and antumbra formed through windows and shuttersThe umbra (Latin for 'shadow') is the innermost and darkest part of a shadow, where the light source is completely blocked by the occluding body. An observer in the umbra experiences a total. The umbra of a round body occluding a round light source forms a; to a viewer at the cone's, the two bodies are equal in. The from the to the apex of its umbra is roughly equal to that between the Moon and (384,402 km (238,856 mi)).

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Since Earth's diameter is 3.70 times the Moon's, its umbra extends correspondingly farther: roughly 1,400,000 km (870,000 mi). Penumbra. 'Penumbra' redirects here. For other uses, see.The penumbra (from the Latin paene 'almost, nearly') is the region in which only a portion of the light source is obscured by the occluding body. An observer in the penumbra experiences a.An alternative definition is that the penumbra is the region where some or all of the light source is obscured (i.e., the umbra is a subset of the penumbra). For example, 's Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility defines that a body in the umbra is also within the penumbra.